Laboratory measurements show temperature-dependent permittivity of lunar regolith simulants

Abstract The mapping of available water–ice is a crucial step in the lunar exploration missions. Ground penetrating radars have potential to map subsurface structure and existence terms electromagnetic properties, specifically, permittivity. Slight differences permittivity can be significantly important when applied dry environment, such as on Moon Mars. capability detecting small fraction putative depends changes its dependent parameters, frequency, temperature, porosity, chemical composition. Our work aims at mitigating false detection or overlooking water–ce by considering their conditions that previous researches did not cover. We measured different regolith relevant analogue samples with fixed 40 % porosity ultra-high-frequency–super-high-frequency band. used coaxial probe method measure anorthosite, basalt, dunite ilmenite $$20\,^\circ \hbox {C}$$ 20∘C , $$-20\,^\circ xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">-20-60<mml:mspace we find that, decreases about 6–18 compared values . Within this temperature range, quite similar water–ice. conventional calculation would overestimate low areas, permanently shadowed regions. also each component has temperature-dependent permittivity, which might for radar data analysis detect polar results suggest it should possible estimate content from measurements temperatures given an appropriate method. Graphical